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Glandular FeverOverview Infectious mononucleosis (often called simply "mono") is a common viral infection that causes fever, sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes. The most common complaint is a sore throat. Mono is commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, but other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), can also cause mono. Mono is most frequently diagnosed in teenagers and young adults. The illness generally goes away without medical help. However, it may last from weeks to months. Treatment is mainly to ease symptoms, usually at home, with plenty of rest and fluids. By adulthood, 90-95% of men and women have been infected. Mono usually occurs in people aged 15-25 years. Mono is highly contagious. Not surprisingly, 1-3% of college students contract mono each year. Infection spreads through exposure to body fluids containing the virus. It is most often transmitted via saliva (hence the name "kissing disease"). However, mono can also be spread through blood and genital secretions. Serious complications rarely occur. Causes The Epstein-Barr virus causes mononucleosis in more than 90% of cases. This common organism is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses. Once infected, a person develops lifelong immunity to future infections from the disease. Symptoms - usually appear 1-2 months after infection, and may resemble strep throat, or other bacterial or viral respiratory infections. The typical symptoms and signs of mononucleosis are: Fever—this varies from mild to severe, but is seen in nearly all cases. Tender and enlarged/swollen lymph nodes—particularly the posterior cervical lymph nodes, on both sides of the neck. Sore throat—White patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen Fatigue (sometimes extreme fatigue) Some patients also display: Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly, which may lead to rupture) and/or liver (hepatomegaly) Petechial hemorrhage Abdominal pain - a possible symptom of a potentially fatal rupture of the spleen. Aching muscles Headache Loss of appetite Weakness Skin rash Dizziness or disorientation Uncontrolled shaking at times Dry cough Supra-orbital oedema—the eyes become puffy and swollen—may occur in the early stages of infection When to Seek Medical Care Call a doctor for an appointment if any signs or symptoms of mononucleosis appear. Diagnosis of the illness by a doctor is important to make sure it is not another medical condition that may require more extensive medical evaluation and treatment. Consult a doctor for suspected mononucleosis. The following signs and symptoms require urgent evaluation: Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing (severe sore throat) Abdominal pain (may signal that the spleen has ruptured) Bleeding from the gums or easy bruising Seizures Severe headaches Chest pain Inability to drink fluids (may lead to dehydration) Self-Care at Home Home care with plenty of rest and fluids is essential for someone with mono. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) for fever and pain control. Throat lozenges or gargling with warm salt water may soothe a sore throat. Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. Rest in bed and limit activity according to the degree of the illness. Avoid strenuous exercise and contact sports until the doctor allows resumption of activities. The spleen may be enlarged, and vigorous activity may cause it to rupture. Most doctors believe that a person with mono should postpone strenuous activities for at least 1 month after the onset of symptoms or until the spleen has returned to its normal size. Alternative therapies include aromatherapy treatments . The following essential oils have particular qualities which may help. Black Pepper is a stimulant of the spleen which is involved in the production of new blood cells. It is also stimulating and warming which can help to alleviate the feelings of utter exhaustion which can go with this condition. Thyme is a powerful stimulant and is widely used where the body is working “under par” It is good for combating fatigue and lethargy and can sometimes help to stimulate a sluggish appetite. A good idea is to run a bath daily and use 2 drops each of Black Pepper and Thyme. To inhale put a few drops of Black Pepper, Lemon or Thyme on a tissue. (Keep your eyes shut) For other symptoms which go with glandular fever see each section listed |
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